The Measurement of Volume Fraction and Velocity Profiles in Vertical and Inclined Multiphase Flows
نویسندگان
چکیده
The nature of solids-liquid flows often results in non-uniform profiles of solids volume fraction and axial solids velocity across the flow cross-section. In order to measure the solids volumetric flow rate in these situations it is necessary to measure the profiles of the local solids volume fraction and axial solids velocity and to obtain mean values of the solids volume fraction, solids axial velocity and solids volumetric flow rate by integration of these profiles over the flow cross-section. This thesis describes the development of a local conductivity measurement probe capable of I acquiring measurements of the local solids volume fraction and the local axial solids velocity in non-uniform solids-liquid flows. Techniques enabling mean values of the solids volume fraction, axial solids velocity and solids volumetric flow rate to be obtained are described. Flow modelling is described that also allows the prediction of the water volumetric flow rate. Extensive sensitivity modelling and modelling validation is reported that allows the probe to be optimised to acquire measurements of local solids volume fraction and local axial solids velocity. This includes the optimisation of the device to allow two axially displaced sensors to function simultaneously without exhibiting "cross-talk". Extensive experimental profiles of local solids volume fraction and local axial solids velocity acquired in vertical and inclined solids-liquid flows are presented. These are qualitatively compared with profiles obtained using a dual-plane Electrical Resistance Tomography system dqveloped as part of a parallel research program at UMIST. Integrated values of the solids volume fraction, axial solids velocity and solids volumetric flow rate have been compared with reference measurement data and possible error sources have been identified and investigated. Finally flow modelling has been described which allows the water volumetric flow rate to be predicted to the same order of accuracy as the solids volumetric flow rate was calculated.
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